Subject: EEE会議（インドの原子力発電と対印制裁措置）
Date: Fri, 4 Apr 2003 02:01:06 +0900
From: "kkaneko" <kkaneko@eagle.ocn.ne.jp>

各位殿

イラクや北朝鮮の核問題の影で、このところ他の国際的な核・原子力問題への関心が
薄れがちですが、例えばインドの場合、２回に及ぶ核実験（１９７４年と１９９８
年）とは関わりなく、本来の原子力平和利用活動である原子力発電は一貫して積極的
に進められています。しかし、NPTに加盟せず、核実験を強行したために、インド
は、かねてより原子力平和利用の分野での国際協力（日印協力を含む）からは全く除
外されており、その結果同国の原子力発電所では取り替え用の核燃料や故障した機器
の輸入にも事欠く状態が続いております。

こうした状況を現地視察でしばしば目撃している小生自身は、インドをなんとかして
国際協力の枠組みに中に戻すべきだとの考えを持っており、そのために個人的にささ
やかながら努力を続けております。もちろんインド自身もそれを強く希望しておりま
して、たまたま本日（４月３日）付けのインド紙The Hinduには次のような記事が出
ています。この記事では、「インドはいまだに、先進原子力供給国グループ（NSG)に
よる原子力輸出規制措置、いわゆる”ロンドン・ガイドライン”の対象国にされてい
るが、このような差別待遇は早く止めてほしい」と訴えています。皆様はこのことを
どうお考えでしょうか。この点について当EEE会議で一度じっくり議論をしてみたい
と思っています。

因みにこの記事は、国際原子力機関（IAEA)勤務中の伊藤正彦氏（元日本原子力防護
システム）が送ってくださったものです。ご参考まで。
金子熊夫
********************************************


India looking for ways to continue civilian nuclear cooperation
By Amit Baruah



NEW DELHI April 2. With the United States ruling out the possibility of
bilateral civilian nuclear cooperation, New Delhi is looking for ways and
means to ensure that the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) guidelines do not
hinder the growth of its civilian nuclear sector.

Official sources told this correspondent that after the June 21, 1998, deal
with Russia to construct two 1,000-mw nuclear plants at Koodankulam in Tamil
Nadu, India faces problems as far as rapid expansion of nuclear energy
facilities are concerned.

It would appear that all further cooperation in the civilian nuclear sector
would have to take place under the 39-nation NSG regime, of which India is
not a member.


In fact, the NSG was set up after the "peaceful nuclear explosion" by India
in 1974.

As far as Koodankulam is concerned, Russia took the view that the deal was
originally signed in 1988 and, as such, was outside the NSG requirements and
regulations.

Today, however, India is actively interested in tackling the restrictive NSG
provisions. It is still hoping that one of its "friends" would take up the
issue with the NSG so as to find a way around the stringent guidelines.
Exceptions to safeguards are possible only after consultations among NSG par
ties.

The regulations prohibit the supply of nuclear material and equipment to
countries which do not permit "full scope safeguards" of nuclear
installations under the aegis of the International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA). For its part, India only allows facility-specific safeguards.

There is, however, no doubt about the fact that India has not been involved
in transfer of any sensitive technologies to third countries. But this may
not prove sufficient for it to have continuing access to new technology in
the civilian nuclear sector.

In February 2001, the U.S. State Department took strong exception to Russia
supplying nuclear fuel for the Tarapur reactors "in violation" of its
non-proliferation commitments.

"At a December 2000 meeting of the Nuclear Suppliers Group, the overwhelming
majority of the members expressed their strong concerns about Russia's
planned shipment of nuclear fuel to India, which they regarded as
inconsistent with Russia's commitments," the U.S. said at the time.

"We join other nuclear suppliers in calling on Russia to cancel this supply
arrangement and live up to its non-proliferation obligations. Russia's
disregard of its Nuclear Supplier Group commitments, together with its
sensitive nuclear assistance to Iran, raises serious questions about
Russia's support for the goal of preventing nuclear proliferation. Russia's
provision of sensitive technologies to other countries will be an important
item on the U.S.-Russian agenda of the Bush Administration," the statement
added.

In the face of such statements, it is hardly surprising if Russia has chosen
to go along with the letter and spirit of the NSG guidelines as far as India
is concerned.

Improving Indo-U.S. relations, clearly, does not extend to the area of
sensitive technologies despite the positive statements emanating from New
Delhi and Washington.

India is, however, hopeful that its "friends" will raise the issue of
exceptions to NSG guidelines in specific instances. They have already
requested Moscow to press its case on the issue.